Holocene Millennial-Scale Solar Variability and the Climatic Responses on Earth

The solar impact on Earth’s climate is both a rich and open-ended topic with intense debates. In this study, we use the reconstructed data available to investigate periodicities of variability (i.e., variations sunspot numbers) temperature changes (10 sites spread all over Earth) as well statistical inter-relations between them millennial scale during past 8640 years (BC 6755–AD 1885) before modern industrial era. We find that temperatures show evidence for Eddy cycle component, i.e., 1000-year cyclicity, which was discovered in numbers believed be an intrinsic periodicity variability. Further wavelet time-frequency analysis demonstrates co-variation millennium components change held stable statistically strong five out these 10 our study interval. addition, climatic response forcing could different region-by-region, southern hemisphere seemed have opposite changing trend compared those northern scale. These findings reveal not only pronounced but also complex relationship Earth timescale. More are needed further verify preliminary results future.